Examining the gaps in antibiotic stewardship and public health policies related to antimicrobial resistance

In regions with high vaccination rates, antimicrobial resistance has rapidly escalated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Pakistan, largely due to the widespread misuse and abuse of antibiotics. This study examines the gaps in antibiotic stewardship and public health policies related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within Pakistan's medical education system. It explores the perspectives of medical students, educators, and professionals on antibiotic misuse, AMR, and associated policies. The findings reveal a significant lack of understanding and training regarding the social and ethical implications of AMR. The results underscore the urgent need to incorporate antibiotic stewardship, bioethics, and public health issues into medical practices to effectively address antibiotic misuse and combat the rise of AMR. The study suggests that a comprehensive approach combining education, stringent policy enforcement, and awareness-raising efforts offers a viable solution to this pressing challenge.