The Effect of Bisphenol a on the Lignin Peroxidase Activity of Corynebacterium Glutamicum and Micrococcus Luteus

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a significant industrial component used in the production of plastics, particularly polycarbonates. This study emerges against the backdrop of increasing interest in understanding the environmental risks associated with BPA-induced pollution. BPA has been detected in various environmental media and within the tissues of living organisms. The pollutant causes damage to reproductive organs, the thyroid gland, and brain tissues, particularly during early developmental stages in animals and humans. It is known that the molecular basis of BPA's destructive effects lies in the suppression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as in the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which adversely affect the antioxidant system and impair mitochondrial function (Coppola, 2023). These processes lead to disruptions in the reproductive, metabolic, and immune systems, as well as neurodevelopmental processes. Microbial degradation is an effective method for environmental remediation. The key enzymes involved in the transformation of bisphenol A are ligninolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase (Amaro Bittencourt, 2023). However, BPA is also biotoxic to microorganisms. It has been established that BPA exerts toxic effects on microorganisms by inhibiting their growth and disrupting metabolic processes. Its suppressive action, like most toxic substances, intensifies with increasing concentration (Park, 2023). This study used Gram-positive microorganisms C. glutamicum and M. luteus to analyze changes in protein content in the culture medium and lignin peroxidase activity upon the addition of Bisphenol A at a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL. Experimental data show that the presence of BPA in the cultivation medium leads to an increase in lignin peroxidase activity, indicating the adaptive mechanisms of the bacteria to break down the toxic compound. The research also demonstrates that the increase in protein content in microbial cells, caused by the aggressive action of the xenobiotic, may result from the activation of metabolic pathways responsible for detoxification. The obtained results emphasize the importance of further investigation of microbial bioremediation mechanisms, which could serve as the basis for developing effective technologies for the restoration of environments contaminated with Bisphenol A.