Urban vs Rural: Text Mining Insights into Health Solutions for Vulnerable Populations in India

Abstract Health disparity between rural and urban India is a persistent phenomenon, and rural India suffers from access to healthcare facilities, healthcare infrastructure, a shortage of human resources, and economic problems. The methods of text mining are employed here to consolidate 141 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from the WoS database, extracting central themes, differences, and policy interventions related to the delivery of healthcare in urban and rural areas. The results reveal disparities in the nation's health infrastructure, uptake of digital health technologies, and economic status. Urban areas have superior healthcare facilities and modern digital platforms, whereas rural areas continue to struggle with the provision of basic services and the adoption of technology. The study highlights increasing recognition of telemedicine, mobile health (mHealth), and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered interventions in bridging rural health service gaps. Programs in the community, facilitated through Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have yielded positive effects in terms of increasing access to healthcare. Government programs, such as Ayushman Bharat and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), have helped improve healthcare coverage, but issues related to operations persist. The research calls for evidence-based decision making, improved financial protection arrangements, and community-centered models of care. It adds to the scholarly literature on healthcare disparities and advocates for multi-sectoral strategies towards equitable delivery of healthcare in India.