Application and Prospect of Exosomes in Tumor Drug Delivery

Exosomes have emerged as promising oncology drug delivery vectors due to their natural biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, ability to cross biological barriers, and potential tumor targeting. This article summarizes the biological properties of exosomes, their advantages as drug carriers and the design principles of their delivery systems, and reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in the field of antitumor drug delivery by type of loaded drug. Studies have shown that through engineering transformation, the drug loading efficiency, tumor targeting specificity and therapeutic effect of exosomes have been significantly improved, and breakthroughs have been made in the delivery of chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acid drugs and immunomodulators. However, achieving clinical transformation still faces key challenges such as standardized production, improving targeting accuracy, and promoting industrialization. Although exosome research is still in its early stages, the existing results have fully demonstrated its broad application prospects and provided breakthrough treatment strategies for refractory diseases such as tumors.