Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as potential preventive and therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke

Stroke remains a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, imposing a significant socioeconomic burden and underscoring the urgent need for both preventative and therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed for the treatment of metabolic disorders, have demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects, as well as preservation of the blood–brain barrier. GLP-1RAs reduce the occurrence and severity of ischemic stroke by alleviating metabolic disorders that contribute to cerebrovascular disease. This review discusses the role of GLP-1RAs in ischemic stroke, focusing on their direct neuroprotective properties and indirect benefits through the modulation of metabolic risk factors, including metabolic syndrome and its components. By highlighting the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs, we demonstrate their value as both a preventative and therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.