Mandatory pension contributions, household consumption, and savings

Using Danish register data, we study whether individuals save enough to maintain almost all (90%) of their pre-retirement consumption. We find that 85 percent do, largely due to mandatory labour market pension contributions. The remaining 15 percent are less likely to have mandatory pension schemes and do not compensate for the lack thereof via voluntary private savings. However, mandatory contributions come at the cost of lower consumption and non-retirement savings during working years. Individuals experiencing the largest increases in mandatory pension contributions accumulate less non-retirement wealth and consume less before retirement compared to those with small increases.