129Xe MRI is sensitive to pulmonary hemodynamics in systemic sclerosis patients with suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension

Motivation: Early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can facilitate early treatment, improving outcomes. Goal(s): To use 1H and 129Xe MR, including 129Xe dissolved phase MRI/MRS, to identify markers of PAH in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Approach: Patients with SSc and suspected PAH were recruited for 1.5T 1H and 129Xe MRI, and where possible, same day right heart catheterisation and pulmonary function tests. Results: 13 datasets were analysed. The oscillation amplitude of 129Xe signal dissolved in the red blood cells correlated positively with mean pulmonary artery pressure and is a promising marker of pulmonary hypertension in this population. Impact: 129Xe red blood cell oscillation amplitude is a promising, non-invasive MRI marker of elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis. 1H and 129Xe MRI provide clinically relevant and complementary information on pulmonary function in this population.