The effect of production parameters on the properties of graphene oxide and it is impact on the properties of Portland cement paste

Graphene oxide (GO) is produced by the improved Hummers method with different oxidizing reaction times. The GO samples produced after different oxidizing reaction times are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy methods first. After production, the GO samples are added to the Portland cement paste. The fluidity and compressive strength of the paste of GO-Portland cement composition materials are measured at the same time. The experimental data show that the flake graphite would transform into GO after the improved Hummers method, no matter what the oxidizing reaction time is, and the GO (001) lattice plane diffraction peak shifts to a larger 2 θ direction if the oxidizing reaction time reaches 8 h. The 8 h GO sample Raman spectra result is obviously different from the 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h GO samples. The D peak intensities of 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h GO samples are higher than the G peak intensities in the Raman spectra curve. All GO samples have similar FTIR results, but the 8 h GO sample has a weak C=O oscillation, which is different from the other three samples. As the GO content increases, the fluidity of the GO-Portland cement composition materials decreases step by step. The least fluidity of the GO-Portland cement composition materials paste is 70.2 cm when the GO content reaches 0.05% (wt). However, increasing the GO content would strengthen the GO-Portland cement composition materials.