Multi-scale analysis of the impact of graphene oxide in cement-based materials

This study investigates the effects of 0.03% graphene oxide (GO) on cement-based materials, focusing on dispersion methods (superplasticizers and sonication), water-to-binder ratios (0.35 and 0.4), and binary binders with 30% slag or 8% silica fume. Isothermal calorimetry revealed that well-dispersed GO enhances hydration reactions, notably the C₃A peak, through its nanofiller effect. Compressive strength tests showed that GO reduces fresh mortar flow but improves strength when combined with superplasticizers, emphasizing their role in achieving GO's potential. Chloride penetration tests at 28, 56, and 91 days demonstrated that GO reduces chloride ingress by 5.5%–24.9%, particularly in slag concretes, with lower W/B ratios further improving resistance. The addition of 8% silica fume significantly enhanced durability due to its fine particle size. These results suggest that properly dispersed GO, especially with superplasticizers, can improve both durability and mechanical properties of cementitious materials, offering practical benefits for construction applications.