Etymological Characteristics of Homonyms Belonging to The Noun and Adjective Categories In Hindi: A Morphosemantic And Diachronic Analysis

This article highlights the lexicological significance of etymological analysis in the process of learning foreign languages. Etymology is interpreted as a branch of linguistics that studies the origin of words, their historical development, morphological structure, and semantic changes. The study examines the sources of lexical borrowings and the phonetic, morphological, and semantic transformations they have undergone. Based on the views of various scholars, the theoretical and applied aspects of etymology are summarized, and its role in linguistics is substantiated. The article presents an etymological analysis of homonymous lexemes in Hindi, which are classified into four groups: tatsama, tadbhava, deshī, and videshī. Examples are collected for each group, and statistical analysis is conducted based on productive morphological patterns. Homonyms belonging to the tadbhava group are examined through the developmental stages of Pali, Prakrit, and Apabhramsha languages, focusing on phonetic and grammatical changes, from which linguistic conclusions are drawn.