The problem of double subordination of food-delivery platform workers in Poland as a classification challenge to the Polish labour law system

In the case of the Polish labour market, the employment model for platform workers, particularly in the food delivery sector, differs from the traditional employment relationship and usually involves a formal civil law relationship between the platform worker, the logistics partner and the platform. In this model, it is not uncommon for a platform worker to be subordinated to two entities, which has significant organisational implications and raises legitimate classification dilemmas. The purpose of the analysis is to attempt to legally classify the employment model of platform worker in the food delivery sector and to critically assess the presumption of an employment relationship, as proposed in the EU Directive on improving working conditions in platform work.