The research examines the role of spiritual leadership and laissez-faire leadership towards interpersonal & structural deviation by arbitrating the part of ostracism and controlling the protagonist of cynicism and lone-wolf tendencies. The target population was the Punjab Civil Secretariat of Pakistan employees, and the selected sample was 450. Furthermore, collected data was quantified through SEM Model and analyzed on SmartPLS software. The study's findings provide empirical evidence that spiritual and laissez-faire leadership significantly and positively influence ostracism and directly influence interpersonal and organizational deviance. Moreover, ostracism is also positively associated with deviance. It also uncovers that cynicism strengthens the relationship between ostracism and deviance. Based on these empirical findings, a landmark for the practitioners is provided while dealing with deviant behavior in organizations. Likewise, Future researchers will also have guidelines to base their research on because the study gives some insight into the research to be done concerning these constructs. The study at hand meets the gap of the ostracism relation mediation of the linkage between spiritual leadership & laissez fair leadership and interpersonal & organizational deviance.
Sabir et al. (Sat,) studied this question.