Correlation between Periodontal Health and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: An Institutional Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder of high blood glucose due to impaired insulin, is a major global health concern, with India facing a significant increase in cases. Oral health and glycaemic status are linked, with diabetes increasing oral disease risk. Dental health can help identify undiagnosed diabetes. Proper follow-ups, monitoring and inter-provider collaboration can enhance the oral and overall health of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 2-year period amongst patients attending the outpatient department of a dental college and hospital. The study group consisted of about 80 subjects (41 males and 39 females) between the age groups of 40 and 80 years. A structured pro forma was constructed, and the subjects were interviewed in their regional language. Blood sugar levels were evaluated in random, fasting and postprandial states. Statistical analysis used: Pearson’s correlation and unpaired t test. Results: The study revealed a mean OHI-S score of 3.15, a Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth score of 6.89, a community periodontal index-loss of attachment score of 0.35, a fasting blood sugar (FBS) value of 98.93, a postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) value of 164.63 and an RBS-OTSS score of 148.71. A significant correlation was found between OHI-S and FBS ( P = 0.017), PPBS ( P = 0.021) and RBS-OTSS ( P = 0.019). Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was higher in subjects with poor oral hygiene. Healthcare professionals and patients should be informed about the significance and extent of the hazards and implement appropriate preventive measures accordingly.