Evaluation and Correlation of Blood Glucose and Salivary Glucose in Diabetes and Periodontitis

A BSTRACT Background: India to report around 134 million cases of Diabetes II by 2045 raises the concern of comfortable and easy monitoring of disease to aid in proper treatment and decrease the fatality rate. The interrelationship with Diabetes II and periodontitis seems to be intertwined as in healthy subjects without diabetes, periodontitis was associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Saliva is now considered one among the noninvasive fluid for diagnostics, but the correlation between blood glucose and salivary glucose is still debatable. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and corelate the blood glucose levels (BGL) with salivary glucose levels (SGL) in patients with and without diabetes and periodontitis. Study Design: Around 80 individuals divided into four groups were evaluated for glucose levels in blood and saliva individually divided as Group I—patients without diabetes and periodontitis (healthy), Group II—patients with diabetes but without periodontitis, Group III—patients with periodontitis but without diabetes, and Group IV—patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Samples were processed in ERBA Mannheim CHEM-5 plus V2 biochemistry analyzer. Results: The Kruskal–Wallis test of significance for overall comparison recorded a statistically significant difference related to BGL and SGL in-between the four groups. Group III recorded a marginally elevated levels in the SGL levels as compared to other groups. Conclusion: Unlike other studies, this is the first study to report the SGL levels in patient with diabetes under medication recorded lower levels of SGL as compared to healthy or among patients without diabetes. Also, the most significant finding of this study is that the SGL levels in Group III (periodontitis without diabetes) recorded a marginal rise as compared to SGL levels of healthy and diabetes under medication patient. This indicates that in nondiabetic cases with established periodontitis, the SGL may be useful in predicting the early incidence of diabetes.