Analysis reveals a notable shift in foreign policy towards China, highlighting trade and investment growth amid pandemic challenges.
During Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s (“Jokowi”) second term, foreign policy towards China shifted notably. The pandemic underscored the imperative for economic development and epidemic control, driving closer cooperation across various sectors, particularly in trade, investment and pandemic response. Despite pandemic challenges, trade and investment with China thrived, demonstrating resilience and vast potential for future collaboration.
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Pan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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