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September 19, 2025EcologyOpen Access

Persistent kelp forests during a massive decline reveal the importance of land–sea connectivity

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Authors

ARAurora M. RicartJCJuan C. CastroRKRachael H. Karm

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Overview

Observational analysis highlights the role of freshwater flow and macroalgae in bull kelp forests, suggesting necessary conservation measures.

Key Points

  • Bull kelp forests persist despite over 90% loss since 2014, revealing potential resilience mechanisms.
  • Field surveys and lab experiments showed that bull kelp abundance is positively linked to freshwater flow and sand cover.
  • The study identified a third community state characterized by understory macroalgae, indicating further ecological complexity.
  • Freshwater influence may mitigate sea urchin herbivory, emphasizing the importance of land-sea connectivity for kelp forest conservation.

Cite This Study

Ricart et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d464e031b076d99fa63d61https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70212
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