Evaluating the Cytotoxic Effects of Some Chlorinated Substituted 2-Amino-3-carbonitrile Chromene Derivatives on 3T3 and MCF-7 Cell Lines

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study we synthesized and characterized 2-amino-3-carbonitrile chromene derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic effects on 3T3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Characterization included melting point, IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay, with IC50 values calculated, while apoptosis induction was confirmed by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Compounds 4f and 4h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 4.74 and 21.97 μg/mL and selectivity indices of 3.83 and 2.80, respectively. Increased apoptotic cell populations support their pro-apoptotic potential. These findings indicate that the chromene derivatives, synthesized via a one-pot method, may serve as promising candidates for further anticancer drug development.