Evaluation of Primary Health Care Services in Early Detection and Management of Hypertension and Diabetes in Low-Resource Communities

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality, with the burden disproportionately affecting low-resource communities. Primary health care (PHC) facilities serve as the first point of contact and are pivotal in early detection and long-term management of chronic diseases. However, the effectiveness of PHC systems in resource-limited settings remains underexplored. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted enrolling 295 adult patients attending PHC facilities. Data were collected through structured interviews, clinical assessments, and review of medical records, focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, disease prevalence, detection methods, treatment initiation, follow-up adherence, and patient satisfaction. Results: Out of 295 patients, 48.1% had hypertension, 33.2% diabetes, and 13.9% both conditions. The mean age was 52.4±11.8 years, with older age associated with dual disease (p = 0.018). PHC screening detected 66.9% of hypertension and 65.3% of diabetes cases, though the average diagnostic delay was 7.6±4.2 months for hypertension and 8.3±5.1 months for diabetes. Pharmacological therapy was initiated in 89.3% of patients, and 75.8% received lifestyle counseling, yet only 60.9% reported consistent medication availability. Regular follow-up adherence was 59.9% for hypertension, 59.2% for diabetes, and 46.3% for dual conditions. Control rates were modest: 53.5% for hypertension, 52.0% for diabetes, and 31.7% for both diseases. Regression analysis identified higher education, income >$200, consistent follow-up, and reliable drug supply as significant predictors of disease control (p < 0.05). Patient satisfaction was moderate, with 66.8% satisfied overall, though barriers such as drug shortages, financial difficulties, and transport issues were frequently reported. Conclusion: It is concluded that PHC services are effective in detecting hypertension and diabetes and initiating treatment in low-resource settings, but systemic barriers limit long-term disease control, particularly in patients with dual conditions. Strengthening PHC through reliable supply chains, standardized care protocols, and community engagement is essential to improve outcomes and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases.