Hybrid Energy Management of a Solar–Battery–Supercapacitor Powered Electric Vehicle: Simulation and Performance Investigation

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Performance analysis of a hybrid electric vehicle powered by solar, battery, and supercapacitor, highlighting energy sustainability.

The hybrid electric vehicle achieves an energy supply breakdown of approximately 72% from the battery, 22% from solar, and 6% from the supercapacitor.
Powertrain efficiency is sustained at around 85%, contributing to optimal performance under dynamic driving conditions.
The stability of the DC link voltage at ~380 V ensures minimal fluctuation, enhancing overall system reliability.
Results indicate improved driving range sustainability compared to pure battery-powered electric vehicles.

Kurmi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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