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September 20, 2025Current Opinion in Urology

Gene-mediated therapy for BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and practical implementation

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Authors

CWChris Ho-Ming WongDLDavid LeungPGPaolo Gontero

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Overview

This review describes recent advances in gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, indicating its potential to enhance bladder preservation.

Key Points

  • Gene-mediated therapies are emerging as effective treatments for BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  • Adenoviral vectors, including the FDA-approved nadofaragene firadenovec, enable efficient gene delivery for better outcomes.
  • Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors may enhance the effects and durability of gene therapy.
  • Novel biomarkers like urinary and plasma tumor DNA are being developed to guide treatment and monitor disease progress.

Cite This Study

Wong et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d469ce31b076d99fa66b8fhttps://doi.org/10.1097/mou.0000000000001345
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