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September 20, 2025Open Access

Social Causes of Dropout in Literacy and Non-Formal Basic Education in Urban Punjab: A Study of Sargodha Division

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Poverty and lack of awareness among parents are major factors leading to a high dropout rate in urban primary education.
The study found that 85% of respondents cited poverty and parents' awareness as key dropout causes, seriously affecting literacy rates.
Mixed-methods research combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to gather insights from over 200 stakeholders in Sargodha Division.
Raising awareness and providing financial incentives could mitigate dropout rates, highlighting the need for urgent action from policymakers.

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Descriptive study explores dropout causes in urban areas of Punjab, indicating poverty and awareness issues.

Muhammad et al. (2025) studied this question.

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