Synthesis of Zinc–Doped Iron Oxide Nanomaterials Using Cissus Quadrangularis : Characterizations and Photocatalytic Applications

The growing demand for eco-friendly nanomaterials has led to an increasing focus on green synthesis approaches for metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and zinc-doped iron oxide (Zn@Fe2O3) nanocomposites were synthesized using Cissus quadrangularis stem extract. This environmentally benign method utilizes plant-derived biomolecules as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The precursor solutions of ferric nitrate and zinc nitrate were mixed with the plant extract, subjected to continuous stirring, and calcined at 500°C in a muffle furnace to obtain the final nanopowders. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline phase of Fe2O3 and Zn@Fe2O3, while FTIR identified functional groups involved in nanoparticle stabilization. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a bandgap narrowing upon Zn doping, indicating enhanced photocatalytic potential. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by methylene blue dye degradation under visible light irradiation, demonstrating superior efficiency for Zn@Fe2O3 compared to pure Fe2O3. This study highlights the potential of plant-mediated synthesis in fabricating nanomaterials with promising applications in environmental remediation. The proposed green synthesis approach offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable alternative for producing metal oxide nanocomposites, reinforcing their suitability for industrial and biomedical applications.