Safety risk assessment using AHP and dynamic hazard modeling in Iraq

Construction involves multiple phases and overlapping activities, making safety risks a persistent challenge. This study develops a dynamic hazard interaction model to assess static and dynamic safety hazards in Iraqi construction using the Analytical Hierarchy Process based on questionnaire results. Data were analyzed using SuperDecisions 3.2.0 software, which ensured consistency. Reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Results showed “fall from height” as the most critical static hazard. Meanwhile, dynamic analysis highlighted the middle phase as the most vital, comprising 95% of risks, and zone interaction hazards as the most significant, accounting for 68% of them. The proposed model provides predictive insights into mitigating safety risks throughout the construction lifecycle.