Effect of Sensorimotor Training Program on Balance and Gait in Patients with Haemophilia

Background: Haemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder that leads to recurrent joint bleeding (hemarthrosis), resulting in joint degeneration, muscle weakness, and proprioceptive impairments. These musculoskeletal deficits contribute to balance disturbances and abnormal gait patterns, increasing the risk of falls and mobility limitations in individuals with haemophilia. Despite advancements in medical management, rehabilitation strategies targeting neuromuscular and proprioceptive deficits remain underexplored. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of a sensorimotor training program on balance and gait in individuals with haemophilia. The specific objectives were to evaluate improvements in balance and gait parameters following a structured sensory-motor intervention. Methodology: A total of 44 participants with haemophilia were recruited for an interventional study using a convenience sampling method. The study involved a four week sensorimotor training program consisting of flexibility exercises, balance training (sensory and motor components), core strengthening, and gait training. Outcome measures included the Single-Leg Stand Test (SLS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT). Data were analysed using paired t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed post-intervention in all outcome measures. Single-leg stance times increased (Right leg: 15.30 ± 7.28 to 21.59 ± 9.13 sec, Left leg: 13.93 ± 6.04 to 21.07 ± 7.59 sec, p < 0.001). TUG test times decreased (25.35 ± 7.80 to 19.55 ± 6.69 sec, p < 0.001), indicating enhanced agility and dynamic balance. The 2MWT distances increased (140.11 ± 34.03 to 158.19 ± 34.99 meters, p < 0.001), reflecting improved walking endurance. Conclusion: The sensorimotor training program produced statistically and clinically significant improvements in balance and gait in individuals with haemophilia. Enhanced proprioception, neuromuscular coordination, and postural control contributed to increased stability and functional mobility. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating sensorimotor training into standard physiotherapy care for haemophilia management.