Exploration of the potential role of plasma lipoprotein molecules in late-onset Alzheimer's disease among the Chinese population.

Evidence suggests that lipoprotein metabolism play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their involvement in late-onset AD (LOAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to uncover potential associations between lipoprotein metabolism and clinical LOAD diagnosis, cognitive function, and treatment. We performed a lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from 46 individuals with LOAD and 16 healthy controls to investigate the potential association between lipoprotein profiles, LOAD diagnosis and cognitive function. Then, we conducted a protein-protein interaction analysis to explore the potential therapeutic role of lipoprotein molecules in LOAD. Our findings revealed that ApoA2 and HDL ApoA2 may be negatively associated with LOAD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.798, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.654-0.973, p = 0.026; OR = 0.785, 95% CI = 0.634-0.972, p = 0.026, respectively), while LDL-3 triglycerides showed a potential positive association (OR = 6.051, 95% CI = 1.789-20.470, p = 0.004). Additionally, HDL-4 ApoA1 may be positively correlated with cognitive function in LOAD (p = 0.047, r² = 0.087). Moreover, our findings suggest that ApoA2 may interact with targets of approved AD drugs. This study identifies potential key lipoprotein alterations associated with LOAD diagnosis and cognitive function, emphasizing the role of lipidomic insights in understanding and treating LOAD.