Randomized trial shows hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, suggesting opioid-free methods are viable alternatives.
Tu, Ke, Lei Tian, Qi Zhu, Kailian Bai, Lin Li, Mengmei Fu, Mengxia Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhuo Zhan, Haoxi Li, Xiaojun Li, Ruofan Yi, Cheng Jiang, Hua Huang, and Mingming Zhang. Intraoperative opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine versus conventional general anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy at 3,600 m: A randomized trial on hemodynamic stability and postoperative recovery. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00–00, 2025.
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Ke et al. (2025) studied this question.
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