Energy Transition and the Dynamics of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Usage Technology

In the face of accelerating climate imperatives and intensifying decarbonization goals, this study offers a comprehensive examination of carbon mitigation systems, with a focus on their evolving roles within global energy transitions and sustainable industrial strategies. The inquiry is structured around a critical analysis of technological development, sectoral readiness, policy frameworks, lifecycle sustainability, and integration into circular economic models. Anchored in a multidisciplinary methodology, the study synthesizes insights from engineering, environmental policy, innovation systems, and socio-economic governance to assess the viability and long-term contribution of these systems to net-zero trajectories. The research highlights that while considerable advancements have been made in capture, storage, and utilization technologies, large-scale deployment remains hindered by infrastructural, financial, and institutional constraints. Notable progress is evident in the digital transformation of monitoring systems, the valorization of carbon into marketable commodities, and the alignment of emission reduction strategies with nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Additionally, life cycle assessments reveal mixed outcomes, reinforcing the need for context-specific evaluations and long-term sustainability planning. Conclusions drawn from this study affirm that the strategic implementation of these technologies must be accompanied by coherent policy instruments, transparent risk governance, and enhanced public engagement. Their success depends on cross-sector collaboration and the ability to embed carbon management within a broader innovation and sustainability framework. Recommendations emphasize the urgency of investment in research and infrastructure, regulatory harmonization, and the development of integrated industrial systems that treat carbon not as waste, but as a resource. This study thus offers a compelling case for the repositioning of carbon control technologies as central components of resilient, forward-looking economies. By bridging technological capacity with policy design and industrial transformation, it charts a critical pathway for meeting both environmental and economic imperatives in a carbon-constrained future.