Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and Environmental Health Risks Due to Exposure to Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Iron (Fe) at Refill Drinking Water Depots in the Work Area of the Kadolomoko Community Health Center, Baubau City

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Descriptive observational study assesses lead, cadmium, and iron levels in drinking water, suggesting minimal health risks.

Drinking water at the Kadolomoko Health Center fulfills safety standards for lead, cadmium, and iron.
Risk analysis shows ECR and RQ values for lead and cadmium do not exceed accepted limits over 5 or 30 years.
Heavy metal contamination, particularly lead and cadmium, poses environmental health risks despite compliance with standards.
The study utilized AAS and surveyed 96 respondents to highlight potential health risks from waterborne diseases.

Sartika et al. (2025) studied this question.

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