Computational analysis and comparative evaluation of technologies for the construction of energy-efficient monolithic multilayer exterior walls

The article considers the designs of energy-efficient monolithic multilayer exterior walls erected in fixed, special and inventory panel formwork. The collection and computational labor intensity analysis of existing energy-efficient wall solutions have been carried out. Groups of structures consisting of one, two and three layers of monolithic concrete of low thermal conductivity are considered. Technological features of fixed and inventory formwork, structures providing its temporary fastening are determined. The stages of the concreting process and the complexity of the work are shown. To conduct a comparative analysis of the technology of installing energy-efficient monolithic exterior walls, design and technological features were highlighted: the number of concrete layers to be laid, the reinforcement method, the construction of the formwork used, the presence of finishing layers, the method of laying and compacting the concrete mixture, the sequence of wall layers, the requirements for the installation of support frames, the need for additional fasteners, the use of cranes for installation of the formwork, the complexity of the device is 1 m2 of construction. An analysis of the characteristics of monolithic single-layer and double-layer energy-efficient structures with functionally close walls with a hinged facade and multilayer walls lined with brick and slab insulation, which are built in several stages, showed high efficiency, expressed in reducing labor intensity. Monolithic structures made of three layers, arranged using energy-efficient concretes, are less efficient and require additional work due to the need for subsequent finishing.