Wind‐Powered Green Urea Production for Greenhouse Agriculture: A Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment

This study explores the feasibility of integrating green urea production with greenhouse operations in Southern Ontario, utilizing wind energy. The technoeconomic assessment shows that the levelized cost of urea (LCOU) is USD 775 per metric ton, which is more than twice the conventional price of USD 337 per metric ton. However, when compared to the maximum historical selling price of USD 925 per metric ton, the integrated system has a payback period (PBT) of 4.2 years, a discounted payback period (DPB) is 5.7 years, and an internal rate of return (IRR) is 23.3%. These figures indicate economic viability, but sensitivity analysis highlights risk from market fluctuations. A selling price drop to USD 777 per metric ton extends PBT to 8.2 years and reduces IRR to 10.2%, while a worst‐case scenario with a price of USD 667 per metric ton renders the project financially unfeasible. Despite its higher LCOU, the system offers substantial environmental advantages, potentially lowering from 4.67 kg of CO 2 emissions kg −1 of pepper produced to zero, or even achieving a carbon‐negative footprint. By eliminating direct CO 2 emissions, this approach creates opportunities for premium pricing, carbon credit incentives, and the promotion of sustainable agriculture.