Overview of the ecotoxicological impacts of micro and nanoplastics in aquatic environments

Micro- and Nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants in aquatic environments, posing significant Eco toxicological risks to marine and freshwater ecosystems. MNPs interact with biotic and abiotic components, leading to bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and potential toxicity in aquatic organisms. The Ecotoxicological effects of MNPs include physical damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, reproductive impairment, and disruption of metabolic functions in aquatic species. This paper provides an overview of recent findings on the sources, environmental fate, and biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in aquatic ecosystems. While broad in scope, the paper offers a preliminary summary of current knowledge, highlighting the need for more research on monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation approaches to safeguard aquatic biodiversity. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 60(3), 183-202, 2025