Integrating Prehabilitation into Surgical Pathways: Current Modalities, Outcomes, and Research Gaps

Prehabilitation constitutes a multidisciplinary strategy aimed at optimizing patients physiological and psychological status prior to surgery, with the objective of improving postoperative outcomes and long-term quality of life. Interventions commonly include structured exercise programs, nutritional optimization, respiratory muscle training, and psychosocial support. This narrative review synthesizes the expanding body of evidence on prehabilitation, with particular emphasis on the implementation of diverse modalities, their impact on surgical outcomes, and the persisting gaps in knowledge that warrant further investigation.