This framework proposes a novel indicator of democratic decline based on public spending ratios in education and internal security, indicating fiscal impacts on citizen agency.
This paper introduces the Democratic Tendency Index (DTI), a novel indicator based on the ratio of public spending on education to internal security. Grounded in democratic theory and critical political thought, the DTI is designed as an early warning signal of democratic decline. Unlike existing indices, which focus on institutional symptoms, the DTI foregrounds the fiscal choices that shape citizen agency or control. This paper lays out the normative rationale and dual-method design of the DTI, paving the way for future empirical validation.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Rakbir Hasan (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: