Etiopathogenetic Justification of Endometriosis Immunotherapy

Introduction. Genital endometriosis (GE) remains a fairly common disease, occurring in 0.5-5% of fertile women and in 25-40% of infertile women. In modern studies, the ability of endometrioid foci to actively resist immune surveillance, which causes changes in the behavior of regulatory cells: T-lymphocytes and macrophages, attracts attention. Aim. Using data from modern literary sources, to study the role of the immunological component in the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis and to outline the prospects for immunotherapeutic approaches to solving the problem. Materials and methods. The search and selection of publications, systematic reviews and current recommendations was carried out using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Abstracts of publications were studied and articles that did not meet the study criteria were excluded. The full texts of the selected articles were examined for compliance with the study criteria. Results. Ectopic endometrial cells, creating a new microenvironment around themselves and launching protective mechanisms against attacks by lymphocytes and macrophages, demonstrate to us how living microstructures are able to adapt and survive in unusual, even extreme, conditions. In connection with the key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of GE established in studies, the pathogenetic significance of immunotropic drugs in the complex treatment of this disease is gaining increasing importance. An important condition for the successful use of immunocorrectors is their effect not only on the systemic components of the immune system, but also on local factors that determine the formation and development of endometrioid foci. Conclusions. It has been established that the immunological component plays a key role in the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis, which is confirmed by the data of modern scientific publications. The immunological direction in the treatment of endometriosis is predicted to undergo intensive development. Surgical treatment of endometriosis and restoration of immune homeostasis of the involved organs are necessary components of the comprehensive management of this category of patients.