Research Progress on the Preparation, Modification, and Optical Performance Regulation of Carbon Quantum Dots Based on Plasma Electrochemistry Method

Carbon quantum dots, as an emerging zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial, exhibit tremendous application potential in fields such as biomedicine, sensing detection, and LED lighting due to their excellent photoelectric properties, good biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. Traditional synthesis methods like hydrothermal and microwave approaches often face challenges such as harsh reaction conditions, long reaction times, high energy consumption, and difficulties in controlling the optical properties of the products .The plasma electrochemistry method, which utilizes reactions between carbon source molecules and high-density active electrons, ions, and reactive species generated during the interaction of plasma with liquid, can efficiently drive the rapid synthesis and modification of carbon quantum dots . This method offers the advantage of tunable multiple reaction parameters under mild conditions, providing a novel research approach for the synthesis and modification of carbon quantum dots. This article first elaborates on the growth mechanism of carbon quantum dots synthesized via plasma electrochemical methods and highlights the unique advantages of this approach in controlling product properties by regulating multidimensional parameters. Subsequently, it reviews research progress on the regulation of the fluorescence quantum yield and wavelength of carbon quantum dots based on the adjustment of plasma reaction parameters. Finally, the article presents the application progress and prospects of plasma-prepared and modified carbon quantum dots in biomedicine, optoelectronic devices, pH sensing, and other fields.