Condylar Axis Angulation and Morphology of Articular Eminence in Individuals with Different Facial Skeletal Patterns

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), one of the components of the human masticatory system, works in tandem with the muscles of mastication and a complex neurological network to aid efficient chewing, speech and deglutition. Therefore, knowledge of its constituent parts, like the condyle and articular eminence morphology, and its change with age or orthodontic intervention is of great significance to orthodontists for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim: To assess and compare the condylar axis angulation, articular eminence height (AEh) and inclination (AEI) between individuals with average, horizontal and vertical growth patterns. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of 126 individuals were categorized into three groups based on their Jaraback’s ratio as measured by lateral cephalometric view derived from CBCT. Groups 1, 2 and 3 comprised individuals with average, horizontal and vertical facial skeletal patterns, respectively. The Planmeca Romexis viewer software was used to assess variables in the multi-planar reformation view of CBCT in the sagittal plane. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were calculated as mean and standard deviation. Comparison between the groups was performed using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. An independent sample t -test was carried out to compare between genders. The level of significance was 5% ( P < 0.05). Results: Significant differences were found in condylar angulation, AEh and AEI in individuals with different skeletal patterns. Within males and females of each group, no statistical difference was seen in the study variables except for AEI and AEh in the horizontal facial pattern group.