Adaptive milk-derived nanovesicles improve insulin bioavailability and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, indicating their potential for oral administration.
Key Points
Oral bioavailability of insulin using MiNVs reached 20.4%, significantly enhancing drug absorption.
MiNVs demonstrated effective glycemic control in both type 1 diabetic rats and minipig models over the treatment period.
The site-specific adaptability of MiNVs allows for targeted insulin release in response to biothiols in the liver.
MiNVs utilized FcRn-mediated transcytosis to evade degradation, improving their ability to cross the intestinal epithelium.