Optimal Dispatch Model for Hybrid Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Integrated Energy Systems

Integrated Energy Systems (IES), which leverage the synergistic coordination of electricity, heat, and gas networks, serve as crucial enablers for a low-carbon transition. Current research predominantly treats energy storage as a subordinate resource in dispatch schemes, failing to simultaneously optimise IES economic efficiency and storage operators' profit maximisation, thereby overlooking their potential value as independent market entities. To address these limitations, this study establishes an operator-autonomous management framework incorporating electrical, thermal, and hydrogen storage in IES. We propose a joint optimal dispatch model for hybrid energy storage systems in low-carbon IES operation. The upper-level model minimises total system operation costs for IES operators, while the lower-level model maximises net profits for independent storage operators managing various storage assets. These two levels are interconnected through power, price, and carbon signals. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by setting up multiple scenarios for example analysis.