Effects of mRNA-VEGF@USPIO magnetic resonance probe on endothelial injury in cerebral aneurysm

Objective To investigate the effects of a novel mRNA-VEGF@USPIO magnetic resonance probe on endothelial injury at cerebral aneurysms necks, and to evaluate its imaging performance and therapeutic potential, with a focus on exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent and preliminary imaging characteristics. Methods The mRNA-VEGF@USPIO probes were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. A rat model of cerebral aneurysm was successfully established. Vascular morphology, iron deposition, expression of endothelial cells-related factors, and vascular repair processes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Prussian blue staining, immunohistochemical staining, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Compared to the model group, both mRNA-VEGF@USPIO probes and rosuvastatin significantly inhibited the proliferation of intimal and medial smooth muscle cells, reduced the risk of luminal thrombosis, and alleviated lumen stenosis. The mRNA-VEGF@USPIO probes additionally promoted the expression of endothelial cell growth-related factors CD31, CD34, VEGF, and vWF. No evidence of iron overload or iron-related toxicity was observed following probe administration. Furthermore, the probes provided high-quality imaging at various concentrations, clearly delineating the location and morphology of the aneurysm neck. Over the treatment course, MRI enabled serial visualization of the progressive recovery process. Conclusion The mRNA-VEGF@USPIO probe demonstrated significant efficacy in promoting endothelial repair and regeneration at the neck of cerebral aneurysms. This theranostic agent not only offers a novel treatment strategy for cerebral aneurysms, but its favorable MRI imaging performance also lays a foundation for further evaluating its potential diagnostic value.