In Vitro Study of Nasal Spray Deposition Patterns Based on Eight Realistic Nasal Cavity Models

To systematically evaluate the effects of different nasal sprays on the deposition of nasal turbinate, nasal septum and olfactory region in different populations. This study utilized CT scanning technology and reverse engineering techniques to create eight realistic 3D nasal models. The effects of particle size and plume angle on different nasal (gender and age) depositions were studied. The significance of differences in particle deposition across different individuals and devices in various regions of the nasal cavity was explored. The results showed that the deposition efficiency of all four devices was above 80%, with plume angles between 25° and 34.3°. The Device D was more likely to reach the olfactory. The deposition in the nasal septum was not affected by individual differences. There is a positive correlation between the nasal cavity size and age, and their relationship follows a linear regression equation: y = 65.11 + 0.65x. However, the growth rate of the olfactory region's size slows down with increasing age, and its proportion decreases. An increase in the plume angle will result in a more uniform deposition distribution. Smaller particles are more easily delivered to the posterior regions of the nasal cavity. Differences in age and gender have an obvious impact on the deposition distribution in the nasal septum and nasal turbinate regions, with older individuals and males exhibiting more favorable deposition patterns in these areas. This advantage becomes more pronounced with age. The drug is more likely to reach the posterior nasal cavity in children.