An efficient novel electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and moxifloxacin based on poly benzylidene-2-(2,4- dinitrophenyl)hydrazine carbon paste electrode

Abstract Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on poly benzylidene-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine carbon paste electrode (PBNH/CPE) was developed for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AC) and moxifloxacin (MOX). The sensor fabrication involved electropolymerization of BNH on the carbon paste surface, resulting in enhanced electroactive surface area and improved electrocatalytic performance. The PBNH/CPE exhibited distinct and well-resolved oxidation peaks for AC and MOX, allowing their concurrent detection in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). The sensor demonstrated wide linear ranges (0.025–23.0 µM for AC and 0.03–20.0 µM for MOX), low detection limits (3.6 nM for AC and 6.3 nM for MOX), and excellent selectivity against common interferents, including inorganic ions and organic molecules. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of AC and MOX in pharmaceutical tablets and human serum samples, achieving recovery values between 96.4% and 100.6%. Furthermore, the sensor displayed good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability over a 30-day period, confirming its practical utility for simultaneous drug detection in complex matrices.