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September 30, 2025Frontiers in OncologyOpen Access

Comparison of efficacy and side effects between short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

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Comparison shows SCRT with ChT plus IT improves complete response in locally advanced rectal cancer, highlighting safety concerns.

The combination of SCRT with ChT and IT led to a complete response rate of 65% in patients with LARC, compared to 19% with just SCRT and ChT.
Statistical analysis revealed that treatment modality was a significant predictor of complete response rates, showcasing the advantage of including immunotherapy.
Common adverse reactions included myelosuppression and rectal injury, with only a few cases of severe complications reported in the SCRT+IT group.
The study gathered data from 41 patients over three years, emphasizing the treatment's impact on both efficacy and tolerability.

Niu et al. (2025) studied this question.

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