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November 11, 2025BMC CancerOpen Access

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in locally advanced rectal cancer

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Authors

CZChun-na ZhangFZFu‐Yu ZhangHHHujian Hong

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Overview

Retrospective analysis shows neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves tumor regression and downstaging in locally advanced rectal cancer, suggesting tailored treatment is essential.

Key Points

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
  • Retrospective study of patients with rectal cancer within 10 cm of the anal verge and clinical staging of T2N + M0 or T3-4NanyM0.
  • Patients were divided into neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (nCRT) receiving Capecitabine with radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (nCT) receiving chemotherapy alone.
  • The outcomes assessed included pathologic complete response, T downstaging, tumor regression grade, and survival rates.
  • The nCRT group achieved a pathologic complete response rate of 22.4%, compared to 9.2% for the nCT group.
  • T downstaging rates were 69.4% in the nCRT group and 47.8% in the nCT group.
  • The nCRT group had higher tumor regression grade 1-2 at 59.7% versus 24.5% in the nCT group.
  • Three-year locoregional relapse-free survival was better in the nCRT group at 98.1% compared to 88.0% in the nCT group.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69252e9ec0ce034ddc356460https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14616-9
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With CAPOX Versus Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With Uninvolved Mesorectal Fascia (CONVERT): Final Results of a Phase III Trial2026 · 4 citations
  2. 2Comparison of efficacy and side effects between short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer2025
  3. 3Long-term neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with camrelizumab for locally advanced rectal cancer: A single-arm, prospective, phase II clinical study.2026
  4. 4Compare clinical efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Meta-analysis2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5Demographics and Clinical Outcomes of Carcinoma Rectum Patients After Planned Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (NACTRT) with Capecitabine-Based Regimen: A 3-Year Experience from a Private Tertiary Cancer Care Centre2025