Diplopterys pubipetala: Review of traditional use, phytochemical and potential health benefits

Introduction: Research on medicinal plants, particularly regarding the characterization and investigation of bioactive compounds, plays a crucial role in identifying promising resources for pharmaceutical development. It is estimated that over 80% of the global population relies on medicinal plants, primarily for disease treatment. In this context, Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae), formerly classified as Banisteriopsis pubipetala and found in Brazilian forests and savannas, is the focus of this review. Objective: To compile and synthesize studies addressing the ethnobotanical and phytochemical characteristics of D. pubipetala. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Capes journals, and academic books, encompassing ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, and phytochemical data. Results: The species exhibits a variety of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and terpenes. Its alkaloid profile resembles that of Banisteriopsis caapi, a principal component of Ayahuasca, which demonstrates therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric conditions. Notable antioxidant activity was identified in leaf and stem extracts, likely linked to flavonoids. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic effects. Conclusion: Further investigation into the species’ secondary metabolites is warranted to ensure safety and support the exploration of its pharmacological potential, particularly regarding antimicrobial, antifungal, and in vivo applications.