Afamin Is a Novel Marker for Increasing Complications for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Obese

Background: Afamin (AFM) is a protein expressed in the liver. It has an essential role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease and obesity. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the suitability of AFM as a novel marker for increasing complications of T2DM. Materials and Methods: The study included 150 individuals of both sexes (ages 35‐65 years) divided equally into two groups: 75 patients with T2DM and 75 healthy subjects as the control group. At the same time, patients and controls were split into three groups according to obesity. Biochemical variables were measured, including AFM, leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADP), glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and insulin resistance. Results: Significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.0001) level of AFM in patients with T2DM compared to the control group. Also, AFM levels for both patients and control groups increased significantly ( P ≤ 0.0001) in obese compared to over and normal weight patients, whereas AFM level has not been affected by age and six factors. The results also showed a significant increase ( P ≤ 0.0001) in the level of LEP, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in obese patients compared to overweight and normal patients, in contrast to ADP, where a significant decrease was shown in obese patients compared to overweight and normal patients. A significant positive correlation appeared between the level of AFM with LEP ( r = 0.783; P = 0.01), insulin ( r = 0.468; P = 0.01), insulin resistance ( r = 0.525; P = 0.01), Glucose ( r = 0.318; P = 0.01), and HbA1c ( r = 0.525), whereas a significant negative correlation appeared between the level of AFM with ADP ( r = ‐0.640; 23 P = 0.01). Conclusion: We can conclude a strong correlation between AFM and LEP, ADP, insulin, insulin resistance, glucose, and HbA1c mean that AFM is used as a new marker for the early diagnosis of the onset of T2DM, especially the obese person.