This article explores guidelines on diabetes and cardiovascular risk, indicating a focus on management methods.
This article provides an overview of the link between cardiovascular disease and diabetes and its impact on practice. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines provide an overview of up-to-date recommendations, based on meta-analyses and recently published clinical trials, over the cardio-renal-metabolic spectrum. This guideline explores the management of diabetes with a focus on cardiovascular risk stratification, lifestyle and pharmacological management of cardiovascular risk factors and how to reduce the risk of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in those with diabetes.
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Ruszala et al. (2025) studied this question.
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