Factores asociados a la muerte materna en la región Lambayeque, Perú, 2020 a 2022

Introduction: Maternal death refers to the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or in the 42 days following, due to causes related to gestation or its management, excluding accidental causes. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic and obstetric-gynecologic characteristics, identify associated risk factors and evaluate COVID-19 as a comorbidity of maternal mortality in the Lambayeque region, during the years 2020-2022. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 81 maternal deaths recorded in health institutions in the region. Two controls were selected for each case, which were pregnant women attended in the same institution. Results: The highest number of maternal deaths was recorded in 2021 (36 cases). The study revealed that secondary and higher education level presented an adjusted Odds Ratio (ORa) of 0.20, indicating a lower risk. In addition, incomplete or absent prenatal care was identified as significantly increasing the risk of maternal death, with ORa of 7.73 and 15.33, respectively. Most deaths occurred in the puerperium (42 cases), with an ORa for this phase of 54.87, with a p value <0.001. COVID-19 infection was not statistically significant as a variable associated (p=0.176) to maternal death. Conclusion: The main risk factors identified were age over 30 years, puerperium and lack of adequate prenatal care; infection by COVID-19 was not statistically associated with maternal death..