Visualizing Literary Spaces in Interior Architecture Education: A Comparative Study of AI Tools and 3d Modeling

This study explores how literary spatial descriptions can be visualized within the context of interior architecture education. A workshop was conducted with senior students of the Department of Interior Architecture at Selçuk University, where participants visualized selected novel spaces first with 3D Max and then with three AI tools: Midjourney, Designer Image Creator, and NightCafe Studio. The generated images were evaluated according to six criteria: fidelity to description, visual composition, spatial perception and depth, use of light, color and atmosphere, and realism. Findings revealed that 3D Max provided more successful results in terms of detail, realism, and spatial accuracy, while AI tools were more effective in producing dramatic atmospheres and aesthetic interpretations. However, the frequent superficiality and inconsistencies in AI-generated images highlighted the indispensability of design knowledge. In conclusion, it is suggested that hybrid analysis methods and pedagogical applications can enhance students’ analytical, critical, and creative thinking skills.