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This is a Quantitative Study study.

October 2, 2025SportsOpen Access

Open Water Swimming: Swimmers’ Kinematical and Neuromuscular Characterisation in 5 km Swim

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Analysis of kinematic parameters and muscle activity in nine male swimmers during open water swimming, suggesting implications for performance.

Kinematic measures indicated significant changes in stroke length and stroke index over the swim distance.
Surface EMG revealed high muscle activation differences in the anterior deltoid and triceps brachii between phases.
The stroke rate notably increased towards the final 1000 m, emphasizing swimmer fatigue and adaptation.
Earlier muscle activation patterns differed greatly from the beginning to the end of the race, pointing to different phase demands.

Conceição et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis of kinematic parameters and muscle activity in nine male swimmers during open water swimming, suggesting implications for performance.