‘Safe spaces’ vs. free spaces: Reconciling student activism with academic freedom in European universities

This article explores the tension captured by the phrase ‘ safe spaces’ vs. free spaces: the growing challenge of reconciling student activism with academic freedom in European universities. While calls for inclusion and protection from harm have prompted important discussions around equality and justice, they have also raised concerns about the erosion of academic freedom through practices such as de-platforming and ideological pressure. These dynamics risk narrowing the scope of academic inquiry and undermining the university’s democratic role as a space for open debate. Drawing on recent European policy developments, the article argues for a balanced approach that safeguards academic freedom while responding constructively to student concerns. It concludes with practical recommendations aimed at fostering both pluralism and inclusion across European higher education.